![]() Until taxonomic revision in 1999, Mannheimia spp. In animals, it can originate in fulminant septicaemia ( chicken cholera), but is also a common commensal. It is a small, Gram-negative bacillus with bipolar staining by Wayson stain. multocida) is carried in the mouth and respiratory tract of various animals, including pigs. Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacterial genus Pasteurella, which is found in humans and other animals. Prevention of the disease in man involves taking proper precautions when handling diseased animals.Gram-stained photomicrograph depicting numerous Pasteurella multocida bacteria In some cases, osteomyelitis or bronchopneumonia may develop. Pasteurellosis of man is characterized by local lesions in the form of abscesses and phlegmons. Prevention includes proper housing and feeding of animals and observation of sanitary veterinary measures. ![]() It is not considered worthwhile to treat infected poultry. Treatment involves the administration of specific hyperimmune serum, antibiotics, and sulfanilamides. If the course of the disease is superacute, the animals die quickly with no visible symptoms.ĭiagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, epizootiological data, and results of bacteriological tests. ![]() The intestinal form is manifested by severe diarrhea, weakness, and, in the case of cattle, sheep, goats, and swine, edema of the head, neck, dewlap, and elsewhere. When the respiratory organs are primarily involved, the animals exhibit a mucopurulent discharge from the nose, conjunctivitis, labored breathing, and coughing. The symptoms of pasteurellosis in animals include elevated temperature, anorexia, severe prostration, and accelerated pulse and respiratory rates. Infection occurs by airborne transmission or by ingestion of the bacteria. Lowered resistance owing to unfavorable environmental factors is important in the origin of the disease. The causative agents are bacteria of the genus Pasteurella, and the source of these agents is infected animals or animals that have recovered from the disease. (also hemorrhagic septicemia), an infectious disease of animals and man characterized by septicemia, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and intestinal tracts, pneumonia, and edema. Live vaccines and bacterins (killed bacteria) are used for the prevention of some. Sound sanitary practices and segregation of affected animals may help limit the spread of the major pasteurelloses. Among the drugs used are penicillin and streptomycin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, and some cephalosporins. Treatment is effective if initiated early. Multiple drug resistance is frequently encountered. haemolytica are mastitis of ewes and septicemia of lambs.Īll of the Pasteurella species can be isolated by culturing appropriate clinical specimens on blood agar. Other important diseases caused by certain serotypes of P. It is the principal cause of the widespread pneumonic pasteurellosis of cattle. haemolytica produce a soluble cytotoxin (leukotoxin) that kills various leukocytes of ruminants, thus lowering the primary pulmonary defense. Hemorrhagic septicemia, caused by capsular type B strains, has been reported in elk and deer in the United States.Īll strains of P. It produces severe mastitis in cattle and sheep, and toxin-producing strains are involved in atrophic rhinitis, an economically important disease of swine. It is responsible for a variety of sporadic infections in many animals, including abortion, encephalitis, and meningitis. As a secondary invader, it is often involved in pneumonic pasteurellosis of cattle (shipping fever) and in enzootic or mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. It is a primary or, more frequently, a secondary pathogen of cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and other animals. Pasteurella multocida is the most prevalent species of the genus causing a wide variety of infections in many domestic and wild animals, and humans. Several virulence factors have been identified. Pasteurella species are generally extracellular parasites that elicit mainly a humoral immune response. Although varieties of some species cause primary disease, many of the infections are secondary to other infections or result from various environmental stresses. All Pasteurella species occur as commensals in the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts of their various hosts. haemolytica the term also applies to diseases caused by any Pasteurella species. A variety of infectious diseases caused by the coccobacilli Pasteurella multocida and P.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |